Submarine landslide megablocks show half of Anak Krakatau island failed on December 22nd, 2018

Tsunami modeling of a submarine landslide in the Fram Strait

[1] The present geological setting west of Svalbard closely parallels the situation off mid-Norway after the last glaciation, when crustal unloading by melting of ice induced very large earthquakes. Today, on the modern Svalbard margin, increasing bottom water temperatures are destabilizing marine gas hydrates, which are held in continental margin sediments consisting of interlayered contourite...

Estimating the Empirical Probability of Submarine Landslide Occurrence

The empirical probability for the occurrence of submarine landslides at a given location can be estimated from age dates of past landslides. In this study, tools developed to estimate earthquake probability from paleoseismic horizons are adapted to estimate submarine landslide probability. In both types of estimates, one has to account for the uncertainty associated with age-dating individual e...

Cover vol. 15, no. 6, December 2018

Submarine landslide triggered by volcanic eruption recorded by in situ

NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc that is notable as the site where underwater explosive eruptions were fi rst witnessed in A.D. 2004. After years of continuous low-level eruptive activity, a major landslide occurred at NW Rota-1 in August 2009, triggered by an unusually large eruption that produced 10 times the acoustic energy of the background level of activity. An ...

Submarine growth and internal structure of ocean island volcanoes based on submarine observations of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii

Figure 1. Relief map of island of Hawaii (after Moore et al., 1995) showing locations of dive sites (triangles, except dive 389, which is a square), locations of shield volcanoes (L—Loihi, K—Kilauea, ML— Mauna Loa, H—Hualalai, MK—Mauna Kea, Ko—Kohala), areas of recent Kilauea eruptions along south coast of Hawaii (u—Mauna Ulu, p—Puu Oo), rift zones of Mauna Loa (parallel lines), large, ca. 100 ...